Time Value of Money Assignments - 2659 Words

Time Value of Money (TVM) Assignments: 1. Calculating Interest Rates In 2011, the automobile industry announced the average vehicle selling price in the United States was $28,835. Five years earlier, the average price was $21,608. What was the annual increase in vehicle selling price? *** Enter 5 N Solve for 2. I/Y 5.94% N Solve for 5.5% I/Y 80 10% I/Y Solve for ï‚ ±$150,000 $40,000 PV PMT FV $1,000,000 PV PMT FV $488.19 Calculating Interest Rates and Future Values In 1895, the first U.S. Open Golf Championship was held. The winner’s prize money was $150. In 2003, the winner’s check was $1,080,000. What was the percentage increase in the winner’s check over this period? If the winner’s prize increases at the same rate,†¦show more content†¦Which of these cash flow streams has the higher present value if the discount rate is five percent? If the discount rate is 22 percent? *** Enter 9 N 5% I/Y Solve for Enter 5 N Enter PMT FV 5% I/Y $6,000 PV PMT FV $25,976.86 9 N 22% I/Y Solve for Enter $4,000 PV $28,431.29 Solve for $4,000 PV PMT FV $15,145.14 5 N 22% I/Y Solve for 12. $0 CFj CFj CFj CFj CFj $6,000 PV PMT FV $17,181.84 Future Value and Multiple Cash Flows Rasputin, Inc., has identified an investment project with the following cash flows. If the discount rate is 8 percent, what is the future value of these cash flows in Year 4? What is the future value at a discount rate of 11 percent? At 24 percent? Year 1 2 3 4 *** Enter 3 N 8% I/Y Cash Flow $800 900 1,000 1,100 $800 PV PMT Solve for Enter $1,007.77 2 N Solve for FV 8% I/Y $900 PV PMT FV $1,049.76 Enter 1 N 8% I/Y $1,000 PV PMT Solve for FV = $1,007.77 + 1,049.76 + 1,080.00 + 1,100.00 = $4,237.53 Enter 3 N 11% I/Y PV PMT 2 11% I/Y $900 PV PMT Solve for N 11% I/Y $1,000 PV PMT Solve for FV = $1,094.10 + 1,108.89+ 1,110 + 1,100.00 = $4,412.99 3 N 24% I/Y PV PMT N 24% I/Y $900 PV PMT Solve for FV $1,383.84 1 N 24% I/Y $1,000 PV PMT Solve for FV = $1,525.30 + 1,383.84 + 1,240.00 + 1,100.00 = $5,249.14 13. FV $1,525.30 2 Enter FV $1,110.00 $800 Solve for Enter FVShow MoreRelatedPersonal Financial Planning1579 Words   |  7 Pages | ADM 3445 (FR01B) Personal Financial Planning Course Outline Instructor: E. Otuteye Term: Winter 2012 Office: SH 362 Day(s): W Phone: 506 458-7354 Time: 7:00-9:50pm Email: otuteye@unb.ca Classroom: SH 161 Office hours: Th, F 2:00 – 3:00; by appointment; also, usually available immediately after class. 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Joint Program Of Saudi Diploma - 1659 Words

Joint Program of Saudi Diploma for Family Medicine in Northern Borders Region and Aljouf Region RESEARCH PROPOSAL/SYNOPSIS TOPIC: PREVELANCE OF DIABETES AND PREDIABETES AMONG ADULT IN ALOWEGEELA CITY . DR : ABDELRAHMAN HAMZA ELGACK NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR Dr Altaf Hussain Banday Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency ,resistance or both (1). DM is universal health problem and one of a leading cause of death (2) and disability over world (3) . prevalence of DM are growing in over the world. In 2014, 422 million adults (or 8.5% of the population) had diabetes, compared with 108 million (4.7%) in 1980 (4). In 2012, diabetes caused 1.5 million deaths.†¦show more content†¦15-30% of people with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes within 5 years. In study done in jedda in found the prevalence of prediabetes was 9.0% (95% CI 7.5–10.5); 9.4% (7.1–11.8) in men and 8.6% (6.6–10.6) in women. For DM it was 12.1% (10.7–13.5); 12.9% (10.7–13.5) in men and 11.4% (9.5–13.3) in women (7). Intensive and structured lifestyle modification that results in loss of approximately 5% of initial body weight can reduce the risk of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes by almost 60%. Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes can also be reduced by pharmacologic therapy with metformin (30% reduction) .(8) Therefore, attempting to prevent this progression or at least to delay it should be a superior national health strategy than only attempting to manage the disease after it is established (5), , so is very important to magnitude the prediabetes state to use the preventive intervention strategies RECMMENDED BY American Diabetes Association (ADA) to prevent or delay progression from prediabetes to diabetes mellitus. Aim determine the prevalence of prediabetes in a representative population to aware the Decsition maker in northern border MOH to generate or apply the preventive intervention strategies of type 2 diabetes in PHC . objective : 1-prevelance of prediabetes in alowegeela . 2- identify factors associated with prediabetes in this

Information System Proposal Free Essays

Information Systems Proposal BIS/220 Computer Information Systems Table of Contents Introduction3 Understanding the market challenges3 Internal operations and External operations3 Information Technology Comparison chart4 Technology and Information systems benefits and drawbacks4 Bullets of successful strategy5 References6 Thriving as a small business in a competitive market calls for many ingenious strategies to remain afloat. As companies enter into the market they can become easily consumed, overwhelmed and sometimes unnoticeable. Opening business doors as a nostalgic record store immediately identifies a consumer demand, in efforts of remaining competitive and ultimately in business. We will write a custom essay sample on Information System Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now As many internal operations are facets to efficient workplace process equating to fiscal conservatism, there are also many external factors that are paralleled. This proposal shall outline the effectiveness and detriments of many technologies and information systems that remain current in the market for small businesses today. After reviewing the consumer market drive for record store inventory, results have demonstrated the most effective method to liquidate the product inventory would be marketing. By streamlining an effective marketing campaign and a competitive edge strategy the company would have the ability to target specific audience within the context of the company’s products. With the multitude of genres that would be cataloged into inventory, marketing demographics would contribute to the localities, regions and venues in which the marketing campaign would be presented. Although this level of marketing efforts may appear to be complex and over budget. Information systems and technology have streamlined the process and paired cost effectiveness and efficiency into a user friendly simplistic process. As the internal operation of the process weigh heavily- on and rely-on the bottom-line, these operations should be developed and created on strategies of efficiency. Establishing a sustainable approach to developing an efficient process begins with a technological platform. From the inception of the business to stages of growth, massive catalogs of data will be compiled, retrieved and ultimately stored. The process to disseminate information, transmit and receive will determine how efficient internal operations are performing. The performance of these operations will also determine the growth or decline of the bottom-line. The approach to offset any negative trending prior to the occurrence would be found within the interest of a database. The database technology can maintain many functions of time and attendance which may offset many incurred cost through payroll and processing. A time and attendance database will also prevent human error through automated recording and time monitoring updating. Many of these databases also provide ad hoc reporting cataloging inventory and summarizing accounts payable and receivables. This method of reporting saves a tremendous amount of time and possibly salaried positions. This maintains inventory and process determining a more accurate bottom-line to produce more accurate accounts sales and inventory purchase orders. These databases provide cost saving measures through staff reduction, lowered overhead and fiscally accountable approaches. The table below (table 1. 1) identifies a comparison of the benefits of a system delivery of benefits. Table 1. 1 Information SystemReal-time UpdatePromotional SalesReviewer ControlsMicro BloggingDirect User interfaceAd Hoc ReportingTime and AttendanceEmployee Record Retention Twitter Facebook Web-site KRONOS Legiant Information systems and technology comparison chart Twitter is a technology that has revolutionized the means in which businesses can interact with their clients. It has reduced the cost of marketing campaigns and has given clients more personalized customer service. The Twitter platforms functions as a micro blog whereas users can share thought, ideas and opinions on a real-time display. This has connected companies, employees, client and customers to understand up –to-date news and reviews. This form of technology is of optimal cost effectiveness requiring no fees for registration. With Twitters massive member base, it also holds great opportunity for business advertising for a nominal fee; however, your adverting is in your message. When you post your Tweet (micro blog), its free of charge and the substance of your message will attract followers. Facebook is an excellent technological marketing platform with optimal cost effectiveness and efficient process to monitor the marketing content for the business. This platform is designed to collaborate through group sharing on a intergraded network that will allow users to view current genres of music selections, upcoming events and allow customers to post reviews directly to an individual Facebook webpage designed exclusively for the record store. Facebook will limit the cost of print materials, postage and customer service inquiries by capturing marketing analysis onto this massive database. For more strategic approaches to marketing efforts, the record store can post a professional advertisement to the massive member base, for a nominal fee, and attract customers from many different platforms. Website is information systems and technology merged and stored onto one computer system called a server that host all activity which is posted for the store. This serves as the ultimate platform for marketing, databases and record retention. There is an immediate cost for the server; however, it can be proven to be very cost effective for long-term usage. The computer server will assist in efficient correspondence through creating e-mails accounts for employees. Customer inquiry e-mail accounts can be established in addition to websites for internet use. With purchase of this system the company will save from hosting fees, web page management fees, spacing and trafficking fees. Computer servers are also an excellent technology to host other databases that may require large amounts of storage space on a computer system and also serves as a repository for internal record retention and centralized databases on share drives. Capturing the essence of what will make this business successful is: †¢Interfacing with clients †¢Business to Business †¢Business to customers †¢Internal Business Process With these aspects in mind it brings us to the internal operations of efficiency. KRONOS time and attendance information system database allows the company to maximize its time when human resource operations are of use. This database captures the time and attendance of all employees and salaried workers that report to the office within an automated process. KRONOS features ad hoc reporting which allows the administrator (authorized account user) to draw information that reports how many hours where worked within pay cycles. It also maintains employee records to synchronize their worked time and post accrued vacation leave and generates payroll information for check processing. KRONOS is based upon licensing term and can impact the bottom-line during it interim use; however, this system can also reduce staff positions which can off-set the incurred fee. For a more conservative approach to the bottom-line while still attending to the features of KRONOS, LEGANT is a more cost effective solution of time and attendance information systems. Although it features are more limited than KRONOS it still serves as an excellent source of information system that can off-set impact to the bottom-line and time effectiveness. Information systems and technology ultimately maximizes the efficiency and productivity of a company and to the success of all companies I would recommend the implementation of these systems. The technologies and systems outlined in this proposal represent strategic measures for successful engagement to a customer client base which collaborate customer services to product and company quality. How to cite Information System Proposal, Essay examples

Auditing and Assurance Services for Woodside- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Assurance Services for Woodside and AGL. Answer: Case Scenario The present case discusses about the increasing need for business entities to audit their sustainability reports. It has been depicted in the case presented that large number of countries worldwide such as the US, the UK, the EU, Canada, Japan and New Zealand and Australia are undertaking the auditing of the greenhouse gas reporting (GHG). The development of GHG report is governed under the NGER (National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act) of the year 2007 and is regulated by the Clean Energy Regulator. However, there is no mandatory requirement on the Australian companies to audit their GHG reports but some of the entities are voluntarily undertaking the auditing of their GHG reports. The business entities in Australia are required to carry out auditing of their sustainability reports as per the NGER Act and legislations and Australian Auditing and Assurance Standards. Also, business entities in Australia are maintaining that sustainability reports prepared are assured as per the assurance standards. In this context, here is an analysis of the sustainability reports of two energy producing companies of Australia, Woodside Petroleum Limited and AGL Energy Limited. Both the companies are stated to carry out auditing of their sustainability reports as per the NGER Act. GHG Emission Disclosures Content in the Sustainability Reports of Woodside and AGL Woodside annual sustainability reports include a separate section depicting the impact of its energy producing business operations on the climate. The company has clearly stated the information related to its GHG emissions in this section so that end users can easily extract the required information. The current sustainable strategies used by the company for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases are discussed in this section of its sustainability report. The sub-section entitled Improving Our Emissions Performance under this section of the sustainability report has detailed out information relating to its business activities responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases. Also, it has provided the knowledge about the strategies adopted by the company to manage its emissions performance as per the needs and demands of its various stakeholders. It has also disclosed the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in its annual scope 1 and 2 and also by source in its sustainability report. As per the, voluntarily sustainable reporting of IPIECAs Oil and Gas Industry Guidance it has also provided general standard disclosures about its different material aspects in the sustainability report (Woodside Petroleum Ltd., 2016). On the other hand, the sustainability report of AGL is not categorized into different sustainability sections as compared to the Woodside. The structure and content of the report is not as synchronized as Woodside and there is not a logical flow of information. The GHG reporting is undertaken by the company in its sustainability reports in the section energy market revolution. It has made sufficient disclosures relating to its greenhouse gas policy adopted by the company for minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases. The emission of greenhouse gases are segregated as per scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 (Agl Sustainability Report, 2016). Scope 1 provides the information about the amount of direct GHG emissions while scope 2 provides information about indirect GHG emissions and scope 3 depicts information about the indirect emissions from other operations such as extraction and production of purchase materials and fuels (Tritschler, 2013). There are no voluntarily disclosures undertaken by the company as analyzed from its sustainability report (Agl Sustainability Report, 2016). Both the companies shave effectively followed the legislative requirements of NGER while reporting their GHG emissions as they have provided information about annual scope 1 and scope 2 emissions that is mandatory as per the NGER Act for Australian companies (Zahar, Peel Godden, 2012). Explanation of NGER audit requirements The National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Regulations (NGER) are responsible for carrying out auditing of the sustainability reports in Australia. However, there are certain eligibility requirements specified by NGER which an auditor must meet for carrying out audit of the sustainability reports. The requirements include that they must comply with the code of conduct, perform their duties independently and maintain assurance. Also, they should be actively involved in the overall process of audit and report their findings to NGER annually and also participate in any of its review or inspection activity. The auditor needs to posses adequate knowledge skills and competency in order to carry out the audit successful. Also, the auditor is responsible for supervising the work of all the team members and document the overall process used in carrying out audit which is subsequently submitted to NGER. It is also essential for the auditor to sign an independence declaration of the overall t eam before starting the audit of a business entity (Auditor Liability, 2018). This is required to ensure that the auditing team carried out their responsibility independently without having nay participation in any of the subject matters of a business entity. Also, it is necessary for an auditor to obtain professional indemnity insurance to gain protection against any type of allegation put forth due to professional negligence. The auditors must promote their continuing professional development by their active participation on the conferences, seminars, courses and other type of training and development programs. This will keep the auditors updated against the current business sustainability issues and thus helps them in taking the audit successfully. Also, the auditor must annually submit a report to NGER for stating the professional development undertaken during the past 12months (Maintaining your registration as an auditor, 2018). Assurance Opinion in Woodside and AGLs Sustainability Reports The sustainability report of Woodside has been externally assured by Ernst Young, (EY). EY has carried out a reasonable assurance of the material issues of Woodside. EY has collected sufficient data from the subject matter for providing reasonable assurance engagement for conforming that all material aspects provide information as per the standard criteria. The subject matter for reasonable assurance includes the information disclosed in the sustainability report about the material issues that are, transparency, regulatory compliance, climate change, incident prevention and response and health and safety performance. The subject matter of limited assurance used by the auditors includes the overall information presented in its sustainability report and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) disclosures (Woodside Petroleum Ltd., 2016). The assurance engagement has been done as per the Australian Standard on Assurance Engagements 3000 (International Standard on Assurance Engagements, 20 12). On the contrary, the sustainability report of AGL is audited by Deloitte and it has been assured that the report is developed as per the GRI guidelines and as per the standard criteria. The auditing standards used for developing the report are ASAE 3000 and AA1000 principles. The subject matter of assurance includes selected sustainability indicators such as greenhouse gas emission data and the data relating to its material aspects. The limited assurance matter includes the disclosure provided by the company in its GRI disclosures (Agl Sustainability Report, 2016). Audit Assertions Concerning GHG Reporting The GHG statement presented by a company provides the information related to the emission of greenhouse gases and its nature is similar to that of an income statement developed presenting the financial information. As such, the audit assertions that are used for GHG reporting is completeness of material information provided by a company in its sustainability report. This is because the subject matter of engagement used by the auditors relies on the complete and accurate information provided by the company in its key material aspects in the sustainability report. Also, it is also asserted that the auditors posses necessary competencies and knowledge to carry out the audit as per the assurance standards. It has been assumed that the audit is carried out to the very bets of knowledge of auditors and thus the information presented by a company is reasonable assured as per the assurance standards (Bellassen Stephan, 2015). Case 2 Scenario The given case is about the negligence of auditors while auditing the financial statements. CFW, a distributor and warehousing facility for chemicals and fertilizer was reported to have a higher level of inventory in its audited financial statements during the time of its takeover by Warehousing Ltd. However, it has been identified by Warehousing Ltd that the inventories were stated to be overvalued in its audited financial statements. As such, Warehousing Ltd is planning to sue the auditors for negligence that they had taken while developing the audited financial statements. The following matters were brought before the court in the case that the auditors have not taken all the stocktakes at the end of the year. Also, the inventory of the company has been overvalued by 35% in its Sydney based operations. The auditors have accepted in this regard that it is the managements valuation that did not take into account the considerable obsolescence. Also, it has been established that 50% o f the inventory of the company is held at its Bathurst facility and the inventory does not have any existence. The auditors have accepted in their part that they were under pressure to complete the audit by the management of CFW to complete the audit within one month. However, there is no evidence by Warehousing Ltd that they were aware of the fact that the auditors were aware of the intended use of the accounts. Warehousing Ltd Case as per the Relevant Case Law and Precedents to Sue the Auditors The case of Warehousing Ltd to sue the auditors can be based on the fact that auditors are potentially liable for both criminal and civil offences. Under the criminal offences, the auditors are subjected to legislation under the state as stated in the Companies Act 2006. This would provide enough detail for Warehousing Ltd about their functions and responsibility. Under the Civil offences, the auditors are liable to their duties under the contract law and law of tort. The law has established the principles for the liability of an auditor towards the third party and to the clients. Under the contract law, the auditor is liable to meet all the necessary terms and conditions stated in their engagement letter. Thus, as such, Warehousing Ltd need to prove that the auditors have not obliged with their contractual obligations properly while carrying out their responsibility. The law of tort have also stated that the auditors can be sued for negligence if there is established evidence of the ir breach of care towards a third party who has suffered from some loss (Bar Drobnig, 2004). Therefore, the Warehousing Ltd need to have a solid evidence of the fact that the loss suffered by them was completely due to negligence of auditors. The company can use the auditors for negligence as per the laws and regulations stated for the auditors by the AICPA. AICPA requires that an auditor should communicate with the audit committee on any matters relating to the material weakness identified in the financial reporting process of a company. Therefore, the auditor should report to the audit committee over the material weakness in the financial reporting process as it is the responsibility of an auditor to provide correct, accurate, complete and reliable information to the end-users. As such, with responsibility of the auditors towards the public, that can be held liable to a third party as well (AICPA, 2017). Justification of Warehousing Ltd Legal Action in Reference to the Relevant Cases and Precedents As per the law of Tort, a third party can use the auditors for negligence only when it can be proved that they were aware of the fact in advance that somebody would rely on their work and they had nor meet their trust and faith. Thus, it is essential for the auditor in this case to be aware of the fact that CFW is going to have takeover by Warehousing Ltd in the future context. However, as given in the case scenario the CFW auditors were not aware of the intended use of the accounts by the company for undergoing a successful takeover by providing fraudulent financial information to Warehousing Ltd. In this context, the case of Caparo Industries Plc v Fidelity Plc. has been explained an example. Caparo has made a purchase of shares in the Fidelity Plc. However, Caparo has alleged that the decision of buying the shares were based on fraudulent financial information presented in the audited financial statements that was overvalued. As such, the company have claimed that auditor of Fidel ity Plc, Touch Gross, is responsible for breach of care. In this case, the court has concluded that accounts are prepared for the existing shareholders and the auditors do not have knowledge of the intended use of accounts by the third party. Similarly, in the case of Warehousing Ltd, there is no evidence indicating that the CFW auditors were aware of the intended use of accounts by a third party (Auditor Liability, 2018). Thus, under the law of tort there is duty of care between an auditor and third party only when: The loss suffered is a reasonable foreseeable consequence of the conduct of the defender in the given case There should be a proximity of relationship between the defendant and the pursuer It is fair and reasonable to impose a liability on the defendant Thus, as such a third party can only sue the auditor for negligence when there is close proximity and foreseeable consequence as a result of the auditor actions. However, in the case of Warehousing Ltd there is no evidence indicting foreseeable consequence and close proximity and therefore there is only limited chance of success of the legal action undertaken by Warehousing Ltd. Impact of Written Evidence against the CFW auditors on the Case Decision It has been depicted in the given case that Warehousing Ltd does not have any evidence that indicates that auditors have foreseeable knowledge regarding the intended use of accounts by CFW for undergoing takeover by Warehousing Ltd. As such, there is a limited chance of successful legal action undertaken by Warehousing Ltd against the CFW auditors as per the legislation of law of tort. However, if there is written evidence indicating that auditors possess knowledge reading the intended use of accounts prepared by them for a third party use then they can be successfully sued for negligence . This is because as per law of tort of auditors has came to known that some external party would rely on their work and therefore they should not publish their result on the basis of management valuation. As such, the auditors would be completely responsible for neglecting their duty as their negligence has cause the financial loss to Warehousing Ltd. They should have prepared accurate and reliable financial reports and should not have relied on management valuation and thus would have taken their own time in auditing of financial statements. There is high chance of successful legal action taken against the CFW auditors in the case of presence of written evidence by Warehousing Ltd against them (Bar Drobnig, 2004). References Bar, C. Drobnig, U. (2004). The Interaction of Contract Law and Tort and Property Law in Europe: A Comparative Study. sellier. european law publ. Bellassen, V. Stephan, N. (2015). Accounting for Carbon. Cambridge University Press. International Standard on Assurance Engagements. (2012). Retrieved 31 March, 2018, from https://www.aicpa.org/Research/Standards/AuditAttest/ASB/Documents/Mtg/1207/ISAE%203410-Final%206-6-12.pdf Tritschler, J. (2013). Audit Quality: Association between published reporting errors and audit firm characteristics. Springer Science Business Media. Woodside Petroleum Ltd. (2016). Sustainable Development Report. Retrieved 31 March, 2018, from https://www.woodside.com.au/Investors-Media/announcements/Documents/16.03.2017%202016%20Sustainable%20Development%20Report.pdf Maintaining your registration as an auditor. (2018). Retrieved 31 March, 2018, from https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/Infohub/Audits/information-for-auditors/maintaining-your-registration-as-an-auditor AICPA. 2017. Audit and Accounting Guide: Gaming 2017. John Wiley Sons. Zahar, A., Peel, J. Godden, L. (2012). Australian Climate Law in Global Context. Cambridge University Press. Agl Sustainability Report. (2016). Retrieved 31 March, 2018, from https://agl2016.sustainability-report.com.au/system/files_force/downloads/agl_csr_2016.pdf Auditor Liability. (2018). Retrieved 31 March, 2018, from https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/p7/technical-articles/auditor-liability.html